Отсроченный лейкоцитоз после тяжелых силовых упражнений и упражнений на выносливость: аспекты регуляторных механизмов

Изучалось влияние силовой тренировки и тренировки на выносливость на отсроченный лейкоцитоз.  Установлено, что через пять часов после тренировки лейкоцитоз крови достиг пика примерно в 150% от исходного уровня. Через 30 минут после начала тренировки и через 5 минут после тренировки уровень гормона роста в плазме значительно увеличился. Однако уровень других гормонов достоверно не повысился.

B. A. Рисой с соавт.

Отсроченный лейкоцитоз после тяжелых силовых упражнений и упражнений на выносливость: аспекты регуляторных механизмов

Введение

Во время инфекций полиморфноядерные нейтрофильные гранулоциты (PMN) мобилизуются из своих хранилищ в костном мозге. Затем с кровью попадают в пораженные ткани и убивают там вторгающихся микробов. Сигнал(ы) от места воспаления до костного мозга неизвестны, хотя ряд гуморальных факторов, которые могут мобилизовать PMN, хорошо известны. Мы использовали стандартизированную неинфекционную человеческую модель для выяснения соответствующих мобилизаторов PMN. Хорошо подготовленные спортсмены выполнили 60-минутную силовую тренировку мышц ног. Образцы крови брали до, во время, и сразу после тренировки, а затем повторно в течение следующего дня.

В образцах крови были измерены: кортизол, гормон роста, АКТГ, комплемент-факторы, высокочувствительный к C-реактивному белку (muCRP), интерлейкин-6 (IL-6), фактор, стимулирующий гранулоцитов плазмы крови (G-CSF), интерлейкин-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) и MIP-1β (CCL4). Хемотаксины PMN в тестовой плазме оценивали с помощью мембранной техники микропор.

Результаты

Примерно через 5 часов после тренировки гранулоцитоз крови достиг пика примерно в 150% от исходного уровня. Уровень гормона роста в плазме крови значительно увеличился через 30 минут после начала тренировки и через 5 минут после тренировки. Однако уровень других гормонов не повысился. Не было обнаружено существенной корреляции между концентрацией стрессовых гормонов  и последующим увеличением PMN выше их индивидуальных базовых уровней. Через 65 минут после тренировки значительно увеличился G-CSF плазмы крови, но в пределах нормы. IL-6 увеличился очень незначительно в пределах нормального диапазона, и хемокины IL-8 и MIP-1β не увеличивались. Однако обнаружено значительное увеличение PMN-хемотаксической активности в плазме крови через 35, 50 и 60 минут после тренировки. Такая активность до настоящего времени не идентифицирована.

Не была обнаружена активация muCRP, концентрация которого находилась в контрольном диапазоне в состоянии покоя, через 5 и 23 часа после тренировки. После упражнений на выносливость были получены аналогичные результаты, за исключением ответа на кортизол, особенно у неэлитных бегунов.

Выводы

По-видимому, мобилизовать PMN из костного мозга в кровь могут (прямо или косвенно) множество гуморальных факторов. Некоторые другие факторы, как известно, не являются хемотаксическими. При разных условиях могут использоваться разные варианты этих мобилизаторов. В позднем гранулоцитозе после тяжелых длительных упражнений ряд факторов, которые, как считается, способны имитировать гранулоцитоз инфекционных заболеваний, были, по-видимому, неактуальными.

Мой[1] дополнительный вывод по полученным авторами данным. Так как у спортсменов, выполняющих тяжелую силовую тренировку уровень лейкоцитов приходит в норму через 24 часа, выполнять общий анализ крови можно только через сутки. Иначе уровень лейкоцитов в крови будет выше нормы.

Bjørn Audun Risøy1, Truls Raastad1, Jostein Hallén1, Knut T Lappegård3, Kjersti Bæverfjord2, Astrid Kravdal2, Else Marie Siebke2 and Haakon B Benestad*2 Delayed leukocytosis after hard strength and endurance exercise: Aspects of regulatory mechanisms //BMC Physiology 2003, 3

Background

During infections, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) are mobilized from their bone marrow stores, travel with blood to the affected tissue, and kill invading microbes there. The signal(s) from the inflammatory site to the marrow are unknown, even though a number of humoral factors that can mobilize PMN, are well known.

We have employed a standardized, non-infectious human model to elucidate relevant PMN mobilizers. Well trained athletes performed a 60-min strenuous strength workout of leg muscles. Blood samples were drawn before, during and just after exercise, and then repeatedly during the following day. Cortisol, GH, ACTH, complement factors, high-sensitive CRP (muCRP), IL-6, G-CSF, IL-8 (CXCL8) and MIP-1β (CCL4) were measured in blood samples. PMN chemotaxins in test plasma was assessed with a micropore membrane technique.

Results

About 5 hr after the workout, blood granulocytosis peaked to about 150% of baseline. Plasma levels of GH increased significantly 30 min into and 5 min after the exercise, but no increase was recorded for the other hormones. No significant correlation was found between concentrations of stress hormones and the subjects’ later occurring PMN increases above their individual baselines. Plasma G-CSF increased significantly – but within the normal range – 65 min after the workout. IL-6 increased very slightly within the normal range, and the chemokines IL-8 and MIP-1β did not increase consistently. However, we found a significant increase of hitherto non-identified PMN-chemotactic activity in plasma 35, 50, and 60 min after the exercise.

No systemic complement activation was detected, and (mu)CRP was within the reference range at rest, 5 h and 23 h after the exercise. After endurance exercise, similar findings were made, except for a cortisol response, especially from non-elite runners.

Conclusion

Apparently, a multitude of humoral factors can – directly or indirectly – mobilize PMN from marrow to blood; some of the factors are, others are not known to be, chemotactic. Under different conditions, different selections of these mobilizers may be used. In the late granulocytosis after heavy, long-lasting exercise a number of factors thought capable of mimicking the granulocytosis of infectious diseases were apparently irrelevant.

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[1] А.В. Самсонова