Композиция мышечных волокон 14 мышц плеча

Композиция мышечных волокон 14 мышц плеча изучалась на 4 трупах мужчин через 24 часа после смерти посредством биопсии.  Установлено, что в среднем в мышцах  от 22 до 40%  МВ IIB типа, от 17 до 51%  МВ IIA типа и от 23 до 56%  МВ I типа.  Была также рассчитана максимальная скорость укорочения мышц плеча.

Srinivasan, R.C. Fiber Type Composition and Maximum Shortening Velocity of Muscles Crossing the Human Shoulder / R.C. Srinivasan, M.P. Lungren, J.E. Langenderfer, R.E. Hughes // Clinical Anatomy, 2007. – Vol. 20.– P.144–149.

ШРИНИВАСАН Р.С. С СОАВТ.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ МЫШЕЧНЫХ ВОЛОКОН И МАКСИМАЛЬНАЯ СКОРОСТЬ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ МЫШЦ ПЛЕЧА ЧЕЛОВЕКА

ABSTRACT

Изучение композиции мышечных волокон четырнадцати мышц плечевого сустава человека проводили с целью определения вклада типов волокон в общую площадь поперечного сечения мышц (CSA) и оценки максимальной скорости сокращения (V_max) этих мышц. Была выполнена биопсия 14 мышц у четырех мужских трупов (средний возраст 50 лет) в течение 24 часов смерти. Быстро замороженные, поперечные срезы (10 мкм) мышечных волокон были окрашены для определения миофибриллярной АТФ-азы после щелочной преинкубации.

Для определения площади поперечного сечения мышечных волокон были использованы фотоснимки (100 волокон) и система Bioquant. Посредством этой системы определялся тип мышечных волокон и площадь их поперечного сечения. Были выделены на основе определения миофибриллярной АТФ-азы три различных типа волокон: медленные окислительные (SO), быстрые окислительно-гликолитические (FOG) и быстрые гликолитические (FG).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

В среднем композиция мышечных волокон варьировала: от 22 до 40% (FG), от 17 до 51% (FOG) и от 23 до 56% (SO). Двенадцать из 14 мышц имели средние значения SO от 35-50%.

V_max рассчитывали по вкладу типа волокна относительно CSA и значений скорости сокращения, взятых из литературы. Максимальные значения скорости сокращения мышц, обеспечивают физиологическую основу для разработки моделей плеча опорно-двигательного аппарата человека, пригодных для прогнозирования мышечных сил при решении функционально-значимых задач, охватывающих условия укорочения и удлинения мышц.

ABSTRACT

A study of the fiber type composition of fourteen muscles spanning the human glenohumeral joint was carried out with the purpose of determining the contribution of fiber types to overall muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and to estimate the maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) of those muscles. Muscle biopsies were procured from 4 male cadavers (mean age 50) within 24 hr of death, snap frozen, mounted, and transversely sectioned (10 lm). Slides were stained for myofibrillar ATPase after alkaline preincubation. Photoimages were taken of defined areas (100 fibers) using the Bioquant system, and fiber type and CSA were measured from these images. Staining for mATPase produced three different fiber types: slow-oxidative (SO), fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), and fast-glycolytic (FG). On average, the muscle fiber type composition ranged from 22 to 40% of FG, from 17 to 51% of FOG, and from 23 to 56% of SO. Twelve out of the 14 muscles had average SO proportions ranging from 35 to 50%. Vmax was calculated from the fiber type contribution relative to CSA and shortening velocity values taken from the literature. The maximum velocities of shortening presented here provide a physiological basis for the development of human shoulder musculoskeletal models suitable for predicting muscle forces for functionally relevant tasks encompassing conditions of muscle shortening and lengthening.

Key words: shoulder; elbow; muscle architecture; fiber type

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С уважением, А.В. Самсонова